Unit 4 urbanisation

(Pronunciation 1 trang 44) (Lựa chọn nhiều đáp án) Read the sentence and choose the unstressed words. Then practise reading the sentence.

A lot of high-rise buildings have been built in the area.

(Pronunciation 1 trang 44) (Lựa chọn nhiều đáp án) Read the sentence and choose the unstressed words. Then practise reading the sentence.

Young people prefer to live in big cities where there are a lot more jobs.

(Pronunciation 1 trang 44) (Lựa chọn nhiều đáp án) Read the sentence and choose the unstressed words. Then practise reading the sentence.

London was once a group of smaller, separate towns, and villages.

(Pronunciation 1 trang 44) (Lựa chọn nhiều đáp án) Read the sentence and choose the unstressed words. Then practise reading the sentence.

They want to move to a cheaper neighbourhood because they can't afford to pay the rent.

(Pronunciation 2 trang 44) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Choose the word which differs from the other three in the position of the main stress. 1. ideal, urban, modern, public: [ ___ ] 2. building, police, market, transport: [ ___ ] 3. convenient, electric, urbanised, polluted: [ ___ ] 4. neighbourhood, quality, hospital, advantage: [ ___ ]

(Vocabulary 1 trang 44-45) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1. Not many young people can [ ___ ] to buy a flat, let alone a house in a big city. 2. Over the past ten years, my town has rapidly [ ___ ] into a city as more areas have been urbanised. 3. Many young people leave their home towns and [ ___ ] better jobs in big cities. 4. As too many people have moved to the city, [ ___ ] has become a big concern. 5. [ ___ ] of the village are complaining about the increasing number of tourists in the area. 6. The Ha Noi Opera House was built at the beginning of the 20th century when Viet Nam was under French [ ___ ] rule. 7. The government has spent $10 million to [ ___ ] and improve the railway network in the area. 8. Local residents expressed [ ___ ] about the increasing air pollution in the areas near the construction site.

(Vocabulary 2 trang 45) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Choose the word or phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word or phrase. 1. In the past, people in my village used to get around on foot or by bicycle. [ ___ ] 2. A lack of affordable housing is a cause of concern for many city dwellers. [ ___ ] 3. The urban population is increasing rapidly because more and more people from the countryside are moving to cities. [ ___ ] 4. The bus system in our city is very good and reliable. I often get around the city by bus. [ ___ ]

(Vocabulary 3 trang 45) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Choose the word or phrase OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word or phrase. 1. Every year, millions of people from the countryside move to urban areas. [ ___ ] 2. The city we live in is expanding, and more high-rise buildings are being built here. [ ___ ] 3. Many people in big cities cannot afford to buy their own house, so they have to live in the rented one. [ ___ ] 4. Young couples are forced to find affordable housing outside the city. [ ___ ]

(Vocabulary 4 trang 46) (Kéo thả vào chỗ trống) Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words or phrases in the box. 1. The [ ___ ] are getting more and more crowded as more people are coming from the countryside. 2. The city's leaders have promised to provide more affordable [ ___ ] for all residents. 3. We need to build more public parks, where city dwellers can enjoy more [ ___ ]. 4. [ ___ ] are expected to face more competition from migrants in finding jobs. 5. There is a big increase in youth [ ___ ] as young people struggle to find jobs. 6. The urban population is increasing whereas the population in rural areas [ ___ ]. 7. During [ ___ ], many drivers get stuck in heavy traffic. 8. Trains in the UK are not very [ ___ ] as they are often cancelled or delayed.

(Grammar 1 trang 46) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1. This is the second time I [ ___ ] this city. I have noticed a lot of changes here. 2. Starting her own business is the best decision my sister [ ___ ] in her life. 3. Leaving the countryside to live in a crowded city is the worst decision he [ ___ ] in his life. 4. This is the first time we [ ___ ] such an interesting talk about urbanisation in Viet Nam. 5. Due to rapid urbanisation, our city is becoming [ ___ ]. 6. It is getting [ ___ ] difficult for young people to find jobs if they don't have any skills. 7. The more people move to the big city, [ ___ ] pollution becomes. 8. After only a month, my brother got bored at work and found his job [ ___ ] attractive.

(Grammar 2.1 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) There is a mistake in the sentence. Find the incorrect phrase and choose the correct correction. This is the first time I had taken a photo of this rare animal in the wild. Incorrect phrase: [ ___ ]. Correction: [ ___ ].

(Grammar 2.2 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) There is a mistake in the sentence. Find the incorrect word and choose the correct correction. The most we use our personal vehicles, the more we pollute the environment. Incorrect word: [ ___ ]. Correction: [ ___ ].

(Grammar 2.3 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) There is a mistake in the sentence. Find the incorrect word and choose the correct correction. What is the most expensive present that you have ever give to someone? Incorrect word: [ ___ ]. Correction: [ ___ ].

(Grammar 2.4 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) There is a mistake in the sentence. Find the incorrect word and choose the correct correction. That is the second time I have went to the new shopping centre. Incorrect word: [ ___ ]. Correction: [ ___ ].

(Grammar 2.5 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) There is a mistake in the sentence. Find the incorrect word and choose the correct correction. Much and more high-rise buildings are being built in our city. Incorrect word: [ ___ ]. Correction: [ ___ ].

(Grammar 2.6 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) There is a mistake in the sentence. Find the incorrect word and choose the correct correction. Finding a stable job in the city is getting more and most difficult. Incorrect word: [ ___ ]. Correction: [ ___ ].

(Grammar 2.7 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) There is a mistake in the sentence. Find the incorrect word and choose the correct correction. The little developed a country is, the higher the unemployment rate is. Incorrect word: [ ___ ]. Correction: [ ___ ].

(Grammar 2.8 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) There is a mistake in the sentence. Find the incorrect word and choose the correct correction. Singapore is the most modern city I had ever visited. Incorrect word: [ ___ ]. Correction: [ ___ ].

(Grammar 3 trang 47) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Write what you would say in these situations. Start with It, This, or That and use the words in brackets. 1. You are visiting a museum. You have never visited it before. (first time) [ ___ ] 2. You are seeing a very tall building. You have never seen a building taller than this one. (tallest) [ ___ ] 3. You are staying at a hotel where you have stayed twice before. (third time) [ ___ ] 4. You are in Thailand for the first time in your life. (first time) [ ___ ]

(Grammar 4.1 trang 47-48) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

When the public transport is more reliable, fewer people use private cars.

(Grammar 4.2 trang 47-48) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

More people live in big cities, so houses become more expensive.

(Grammar 4.3 trang 47-48) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

We work harder, so we can finish sooner.

(Grammar 4.4 trang 47-48) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

We clear more land for buildings, so we have less land for farming.

(Reading 1 trang 48) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Read the passage and choose the correct word that best fits each blank. Singapore's urbanisation In 2018, the United Nations announced that Singapore was completely [ ___ ] as 100 per cent of its population is defined as 'urban'. Urbanisation has brought both [ ___ ] and disadvantages to the small city-state. On the one hand, Singapore has [ ___ ] a lot of skilled workers from many other countries to ensure the economy continues to grow. Migrants have also helped create a more [ ___ ] diverse society in Singapore. On the other hand, urbanisation has caused some [ ___ ] problems such as deforestation, overpopulation, and waste management. Since it was first colonised by the British in 1819 and Singapore was formally founded, over 95 per cent of its vegetation has been [ ___ ]. In terms of [ ___ ] density, in many parts of Singapore, there are over 20,000 people living per square kilometre. Waste treatment used to be another [ ___ ] in Singapore. However, thanks to the development of technology, this problem has been solved. Singapore has even become a leader in urban waste management.

(Reading 2 trang 48-49) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each question. 1. What is paragraph 1 about? [ ___ ] 2. What is paragraph 2 about? [ ___ ] 3. When did things start to change in An Binh Village? [ ___ ] 4. The word 'migrated' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to [ ___ ]. 5. The word 'zone' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to [ ___ ]. 6. The word 'its' in paragraph 3 refers to [ ___ ]. 7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern in An Binh? [ ___ ] 8. What is the author's attitude towards the problems mentioned in the last paragraph? [ ___ ]

(Speaking 1 trang 50) (Điền khuyết chọn từ danh sách) Complete the exchanges. Then practise reading them. 1. Mr Vu: Hi, Tom. [ ___ ], but your dog has been barking loudly all day long. Our baby couldn't sleep because of the noise. Tom: Oh, I'm so sorry, Mr Vu. We were out the whole day. [ ___ ] this will never happen again. 2. Lan: Excuse me, [ ___ ] about the bus services during rush hour. They're too crowded and running late. Bus conductor: I'm sorry, [ ___ ] about it. There are so many people travelling nowadays and the roads are full of traffic. 3. Mother: Khoa, you came home very late last night. [ ___ ] with you. Khoa: [ ___ ] never to come home late again. 4. Nam: Quang, [ ___ ] about the plans to close so many after-school clubs. Quang: I see. [ ___ ] there isn't much we can do about it. Not many people are interested in these clubs.

(Speaking 2 trang 51) (Kéo thả vào chỗ trống) Complete the short talk about urbanisation in your home town. I live in a new town which used to be a [ ___ ] several years ago. In the past, it was only a small village where people mainly did [ ___ ]. Now, it has turned into a new town with some high-rise buildings. Some factories have also been built here. Many changes are good for the local people. The roads have been upgraded and widened. A new stadium and many playgrounds have been built. Many local people now work in [ ___ ] in the area. However, some changes are bad for the local people. The air and soil are becoming more and more [ ___ ] because of the smoke and waste released from the local factories. The town is also getting more and more crowded because many people come to live here. The local government has tried to attract more investment to improve the [ ___ ] in the area. It has also issued the rules for local people to follow when living in an urbanising area.

(Writing 1.1 trang 51) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

There has been a rapid increase in the urbanisation rate.

(Writing 1.2 trang 51) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

There has been a gradual decrease in the rural population.

(Writing 1.3 trang 51) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

The line graph illustrates how the world population has changed.

(Writing 1.4 trang 51) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

House prices in big cities have increased a lot over the past decade.

(Writing 1.5 trang 51) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

The air quality in urban areas has become worse over the years.

(Writing 1.6 trang 51) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

The demand for affordable housing in urban areas has increased rapidly recently.

(Writing 1.7 trang 51) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

House prices in rural areas have remained stable over the past two years.

(Writing 1.8 trang 51) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

More people move to big cities, so big cities become more crowded.

(Writing 2.1 trang 51-52) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence that is best written from the words and phrases given.

More / more / people / moving / urban areas / seek employment.

(Writing 2.2 trang 51-52) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence that is best written from the words and phrases given.

Housing / getting / more / more expensive / big cities.

(Writing 2.3 trang 51-52) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence that is best written from the words and phrases given.

By contrast, / house prices / remain / stable / countryside.

(Writing 2.4 trang 51-52) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence that is best written from the words and phrases given.

The unemployment rate / big cities / getting / higher / higher.

(Writing 2.5 trang 51-52) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence that is best written from the words and phrases given.

It / first time / I / visit / such / modern building.

(Writing 2.6 trang 52) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence that is best written from the words and phrases given.

More / more / young people / looking / affordable housing.

(Writing 2.7 trang 52) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence that is best written from the words and phrases given.

Polluted cities / becoming / less / less / attractive.

(Writing 2.8 trang 52) (Lựa chọn) Choose the sentence that is best written from the words and phrases given.

Urbanisation / has generally improved / life / people / our area.

(Writing 3 trang 52) (Trả lời tự luận)

The line graph below illustrates population trends in Thailand from 1960 to 2020. Write a description (120-150 words) of the graph. Use the suggestions below to help you.